Quantum computing requires extremely cold temperatures, as sub-atomic particles must be as close as possible to a stationary state to be measured. The cores of D-Wave quantum computers operate at -273 °C, which is 0.02 °C away from absolute zero.Feb 23, 2018
Reduction of the temperature of the computing environment below approximately 80mK is required for the processor to function, and generally performance increases as temperature is lowered - the lower the temperature, the better. The latest generation D-Wave 2000Q system has an operating temperture of about 15 millikelvin. The QPU and parts of the input/output (I/O) system, comprising roughly 10kg of material, is cooled to this temperature, which is approximately 180 times colder than
interstellar space! Most of the physical volume of the current system is due to the large size of the refrigeration system. The refrigeration system used to cool the processors is known as a dilution refrigerator.

To reach the near-absolute zero temperatures at which the system operates, the refrigerators use liquid helium as a coolant. The type of refrigerator inside the D-Wave system is known as a "dry" dilution refrigerator. This means that all the liquid helium resides inside a closed cycle system, where it is recycled and recondensed using a pulse-tube technology. This makes them suited to remote deployment, as there is no requirement for liquid helium replenishment on-site.
The specialized equipment to allow cooling to these temperatures is available commercially and runs
reliably. The refrigeration technology is also mature enough that the system has a turnkey operation. The computer can be cooled down to operating temperature within several hours, and once this temperature is reached remain cold for months or years.

That will measure your low °C !



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